Associate/Senior Civil Engineer

City of Folsom•Folsom, CA

4d•Onsite

About The Position

The City of Folsom is currently recruiting for one (1) Associate/Senior Civil Engineer to join the Engineering division of the Public Works Department. The ideal candidate will possess a strong background in professional civil engineering specifically tailored to Public Works and Capital Improvement Projects (CIP). We are seeking a collaborative professional with proven experience in all phases of public infrastructure construction, including project development, managing requests for proposals (RFPs), reviewing complex construction plans, and conducting engineering studies. Experience researching and tracking grant opportunities, as well as supporting stormwater management programs, is also desired. The Associate Civil Engineer will perform and participate in professional and technical advanced journey level civil engineering activities of a complex nature which may involve both general civil engineering work and/or technical design/review/construction of public projects related to transportation and infrastructure for Public Works, Community Development, or Utilities Departments. Incumbents may oversee, monitor, and/or direct the work of lower-level personnel. The Senior Civil Engineer will plan, coordinate, supervise, and participate in complex professional engineering activities including engineering planning and design, construction project management of utilities, buildings, roads, and land development; and plan check activities. This position is in-office Monday - Friday, 8:00am - 5:00pm. This is an exempt position represented by the Folsom Middle Management Group (FMMG).

Requirements

A bachelor's degree in civil engineering, mechanical engineering, or a closely related field from an accredited college or university.
Two (2) years of full-time, increasingly responsible engineering experience equivalent to an Assistant Engineer (for Associate level).
Five (5) years of full-time, increasingly responsible professional civil engineering experience in the assigned discipline, including significant supervisory experience (for Senior level).
Possession of a valid Certificate of Registration as a Civil Engineer in the State of California.
Possession of, or the ability to obtain and retain a California Class C driver license by the time of appointment.
Principles and practices of civil engineering.
Modern methods and techniques used in the design, construction, and surveying of projects.
Engineering concepts.
Practices applied to plans and specifications.
Applicable laws and regulatory codes relevant to the design and construction in the area of assignment.
Recent developments, current literature; and sources of information regarding civil engineering.
Principles and techniques of supervision and training.
Common word processing, spreadsheet, and database software.
Perform sub-professional and or professional engineering duties involved in the planning, design, development, and construction management of a variety of capital improvement and public and private construction projects.
Conduct engineering studies and research projects, evaluate alternatives, make sound recommendations, and prepare effective staff and technical reports; present technical engineering information and data in an effective manner.
Prepare, understand, and interpret engineering construction plans, technical drawings and designs, specifications, as-builts, permits, contract documents, environmental and engineering reports, and other technical documents.
Perform mathematical and engineering computations with precision.
Coordinate services with other departments and agencies and federal and state agencies.
Respond to complaints or inquiries from the community, staff, and outside organizations.
Understand, interpret, and apply all pertinent laws, codes, regulations, policies and procedures, and standards relevant to work performed.
Prepare clear, effective, and accurate reports, correspondence, and other written materials.
Maintain accurate logs, records, and written records of work performed.
Independently organize work, set priorities, meet critical deadlines, and follow-up on assignments.
Effectively use computer systems, software applications relevant to work performed, and modern business equipment to perform a variety of work tasks.
Communicate clearly and concisely, both orally and in writing, using appropriate English grammar and syntax.
Use tact, initiative, prudence, and independent judgment within general policy and procedural guidelines.
Engage with a diverse public and workforce, facilitating inclusive service delivery, and implementing equitable city policies.
Establish, maintain, and foster positive and effective working relationships with those contacted in the course of work.
Principles and practices of structural engineering including the strengths, properties, and uses of materials in building construction.
Pertinent codes, laws, and regulations governing building construction.
Building construction practices and procedures.
Soil conditions, types, and formations.
Principles and practices of engineering as applied to assigned public works projects.
Acquisition procedures, including the Subdivision Map Act, and real property.
Modern methods and techniques used in the design and construction of a wide variety of public works projects.
Applicable laws and regulatory codes relevant to municipal public works design and construction as well as private land development projects.
Principles of organization, administration, and personnel management.
Preparation of technical analysis and clear communication and writing skills to support functions such as staff reports and other public documents.
Read and interpret building plans, specifications, and codes.
Analyze and correct building plans, engineering calculations, and specifications accurately and consistently.
Interpret and apply applicable codes, ordinances, rules, and regulations related to development and construction.
Interpret, review, and analyze development proposals, plans, and specifications.
Make complex engineering computations.
Check designs and supervise the construction of a variety of public works projects.
Prepare specifications and write technical reports.
Effectively communicate verbally and in writing.
Establish and maintain effective working relationships with those contacted in the course of work.
Supervise, train, and evaluate assigned personnel.

Nice To Haves

Experience in Public Works and Capital Improvement Projects (CIP).
Experience in all phases of public infrastructure construction.
Experience managing requests for proposals (RFPs).
Experience reviewing complex construction plans.
Experience conducting engineering studies.
Experience researching and tracking grant opportunities.
Experience supporting stormwater management programs.
Experience in traffic engineering, transportation and infrastructure related capital improvements, water distribution and treatment, sewer collection, drainage collection, and construction management of utilities, roads, and City owned facilities.
Experience with traffic operations and calculation work in the areas of signal timing, coordination, and intelligent transportation systems.
Experience with traffic engineering in the areas of traffic safety, bicycle/pedestrian facilities, intersection geometric design and construction.
Experience reviewing traffic impact studies, construction improvement plan (electrical /traffic signal/ traffic signs & markings).
Experience supervising or directing traffic signal, lighting and/or signs and markings maintenance crews.
Experience with private development applications and construction documents related to civil improvements.
Experience reviewing subdivision maps, parcel maps and public easements.
Experience reviewing and processing permit applications, agreements, and project related fees.
Experience conducting traffic studies for development projects.
Experience analyzing development and building permits for conformance with City design standards, flood prevention ordinance, and impact to floodplains.
Experience recommending traffic control, geometrics, signing and illumination.
Experience providing advisory assistance and technical guidance on traffic-related matters.
Experience with water, sewer, and solid waste planning documents.
Experience with division rate studies and rate increases.
Experience with reporting for state and federal agencies for water, sewer, and solid waste.
Experience with Waste and Recycling and Fleet programs and capital projects.
Experience in leadwork and supervision of Assistant and Associate Civil Engineer work and technical correctness.
Experience in handling the most difficult and complex work.
Experience in performing lead work while exhibiting necessary levels of professionalism and soft skills required of a manager.
Experience in construction project management of utilities, buildings, roads, and land development.
Experience in plan check activities.
Experience in traffic engineering, transportation and infrastructure related capital improvements, water distribution and treatment, sewer collection, drainage collection, and construction management of utilities, roads, and City owned facilities.
Experience providing engineering support to other departments.
Experience with special projects involving professional and technical engineering skills.
Experience exercising direct and/or indirect supervision over lower level personnel.
Experience in the design and construction of roads, building, utilities, and various public works construction projects.
Experience providing lead direction and reviewing the work of a professional and technical project team or unit.
Experience in utility design and maintenance implementation.
Experience developing plans, estimates, and delivering for the construction of public works projects.
Experience preparing staff reports, supporting technical analysis, and other public facing documents.
Experience overseeing review of developer pre-designs, designs, and construction activities.
Experience inspecting project sites to assist in determining solutions to difficult problems.
Experience interpreting specifications and city policy, applying relevant codes, ordinances, rules, and regulations.
Experience conducting special technical studies and investigations.
Experience reviewing and making recommendations on technical reports and studies.
Experience reviewing computations and specified materials for accuracy and conformance with regulations.
Experience participating in the review of plans, specifications, and all private development proposals including residential, commercial, and mapping projects.
Experience reviewing and participating in the preparation of environmental assessments and clearance as well as implementation of mitigation measures.
Experience assisting the Director, City Engineer, Manager, and/or serving as subject matter expert at council, committee, and commission meetings on engineering matters.
Experience meeting and conferring with developers, contractors, engineers, and the general public regarding city policies, regulations, and procedures.
Experience coordinating resolution of discrepancies and challenging situations related to engineering topics and projects.
Experience preparing reports and special studies related to submitted plans and documents.
Experience preparing correspondence regarding structural engineering and building code enforcement problems.
Experience preparing and reviewing project quantity and cost estimates.
Experience analyzing structures, roadways, and other project sites for engineering, economic, legal, and other considerations.
Experience performing complex project engineering work for a group of smaller projects or for major construction projects.
Experience inspecting and monitoring contract work for compliance with plans, specifications, codes, and deadlines.
Experience participating in the review of plans, specifications, and all private development proposals including subdivision and parcel maps.
Experience exhibiting a high level of organization and workflow.
Experience preparing and maintaining a variety of records and reports related to unit activities.
Experience monitoring and evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery methods and procedures.
Experience recommending, within departmental policy, appropriate services and staffing levels.
Experience estimating staff time, equipment, and materials needed for planned projects.
Experience ordering necessary supplies and equipment as needed.
Experience planning and overseeing construction of City facilities and construction inspection activities.
Experience ensuring activities follow applicable codes, plans, and City standards.
Experience overseeing and ensuring conformance with appropriate federal, state, and local laws, codes, and regulations.
Experience assisting in the preparation of the capital improvement plan and budget.
Experience reviewing and signing engineering plans for CIP and development projects.
Experience providing support in the context of Community Facilities Districts, financing plans, and implementation as it relates to public improvements within the district.
Experience coordinating activities with other agencies, city departments, divisions, sections, and outside agencies.
Experience assisting in the budget preparation and administration for the department including projects and programs, monitoring monthly expenditures, progress payments, and invoicing as needed.
Experience participating in the forecast of funds needed for staffing, equipment, materials, and supplies as needed.
Experience attending and participating in professional group meetings.
Experience maintaining awareness of new trends and developments in the field of engineering.
Experience supervising, training, and evaluating personnel and assigned staff in areas of responsibility.
Experience providing for professional development and growth with the ability to engage in professional and technical coaching and skilled engagement in conflict management.
Experience approving and signing off on drawings and project documents and may act as “Engineer in Responsible Charge” on assigned projects.
Experience leading and participating in pre-design, construction, and utility coordination meetings.
Experience initiating, conducting, and reviewing engineering studies and cost analyses for assigned projects.
Experience preparing contract documents including but not limited to plans, specifications, and engineer’s estimate.
Experience preparing and managing project budgets including appropriations for funding and recommended sources.
Experience administering maintenance projects for traffic striping, signals, and signage, roadway and pavement improvements, storm drain improvements, and coordination with adjacent utilities and upcoming projects.
Experience administering studies related to infrastructure, utility design, and pavement condition assessments.
Experience making recommendations for improvements include scope development of future capital improvement projects.
Experience serving as staff representative to committee and/or commissions.
Experience preparing/presenting funding requests to State and regional planning agencies (e.g. STA, SACOG, JPAs, and City Council).
Experience negotiating with other jurisdictions on funding availability and timelines.
Experience managing consultants and administering professional services contracts.
Experience reviewing and approving consultant and select purchasing invoices.
Experience preparing conditions of approval for land development projects including subdivisions, commercial, and industrial projects as well as recommendations for various map types and conditional use permits.
Experience conducting plan checks of final parcel maps for land development against the conditions of approval.
Experience administering public financing for land development projects.
Experience preparing reports for discretionary approval of land development projects.
Experience providing engineering support to Code Enforcement as needed.
Experience representing the City and department in meetings with property owners, engineers, contractors, developers, attorneys, and representatives of other organizations.
Experience acting as “engineer in responsible charge” on assigned projects of a less complex nature.
Experience negotiating and administering contracts with outside contractors.
Experience resolving problems and complaints as necessary.
Experience providing responsible and reliable staff assistance to the City Engineer.
Experience conducting a variety of organizational studies, investigations, and operational studies.
Experience recommending modifications to public works engineering programs, policies, and procedures as appropriate.
Experience researching codes, regulations, technical manuals, testing agency approval listings, product literature, and construction bulletins to verify compliance construction materials and methods.
Experience performing field inspections, which includes assisting and conferring with Building Inspectors, Contractors, and Consulting Engineers in the field where engineering problems are encountered and advising on engineering matters.
Experience assisting with set up, implementation, and ongoing improvement of permitting processes, plan check, and inspection systems to maximize efficiencies and improve customer service.
Experience assisting the Building and Planning Divisions with the planning, coordination, administration, and supervision of division services and personnel.
Experience interpreting, implementing, and enforcing all building code regulations adopted by the City.
Experience developing methods to inform builders and homeowners of minimum standards of construction materials.
Experience preparing/presenting program, funding or project requests to State, Federal, and/or regional agencies.
Experience preparing various reports including, but not limited to construction, water quality, sanitary sewer spills, and conservation for regulating agencies.
Experience providing engineering reviews and construction inspection for water and wastewater projects.
Experience providing engineering analyses, program development, and implementation for various resource management plans.
Experience assisting in the preparation of funding plans, rate studies, and project budgets.
Experience representing the City on the Utility Commission.
Experience assisting in the planning and delivery of Waste and Recycling and Fleet programs and capital projects.

Responsibilities

Perform professional engineering work related to civil engineering, including planning, designing, and implementing measures specific to the City's Capital Improvement Program.
Review and process plans and maps for private development projects.
Check plans for accuracy, suitability, and completeness and make recommendations for revision and improvement.
Review specifications for completeness and accuracy against City Standards, Specifications, and Details
Prepare preliminary and final cost estimates.
Assist in administering contracts with outside consultants as appropriate.
Assist in preparation of technical analysis and writing to support functions such as staff reports and other public documents.
Review work and tasks performed by subordinates.
Perform field inspections to verify compliance with contract or design documents, including ability to determine potential solutions for in-field conflict or difficult problems.
Recommend and monitor billings.
Present on behalf of the City to various boards, commissions, and committees.
Assist in budget preparation and project scoping.
Attend and present information to a variety of commissions and committees.
Attend and participate in meetings, conferences, workshops, and training sessions.
Confer with contractors, consulting engineers, and members of the public relative to the assigned area of responsibility.
Serve as a guide and intermediate mentor to lower-level Engineering staff for technical questions related to best practices and front-line duties.
Provide complex technical support for all phases of capital improvement and public works construction projects including planning, feasibility evaluation, coordination of environmental review, design, construction, and close-out.
Assist with project development activities, including project management, preparing or reviewing preliminary and final designs and specifications, developing requests for proposals and scopes of work, cost estimates, change orders, work plans, budgets, schedules, and baseline requirements, and contract negotiations and management.
Review construction plans prepared in-house and by outside consultants or private contractors to verify compliance with City, State, Federal, and/or industry standards and requirements for construction infrastructure; check plans for conformance with regulations regarding line, grade, size, elevation, and location of structures; reviews engineering calculations of other engineers or engineering technicians; participate in pre-design, construction, and utility coordination meetings.
Conduct engineering studies and cost analyses for assigned projects; research project design requirements; prepare engineering calculations and estimates, preliminary layouts and specifications, and design work from field and survey data.
Research funding opportunities; coordinate and/or complete and submit grant applications; track grant funded projects and requirements; processes and maintain paperwork and reimbursement requests in compliance with funding requirements.
Support management and engagement of the Storm Water Management Program.
Prepare bid packages and solicit bids from contractors in accordance with pubic contract code.
Construction management of capital improvement projects.
Prepare technical reports and staff reports for consideration of the Director and/or manager inclusive of committees, commissions, and council.
Prepare and conduct training for personnel/operational staff on storm water quality as needed.
Perform traffic operations and calculation work in the areas of signal timing, coordination, and intelligent transportation systems.
Perform traffic engineering work in the areas of traffic safety, bicycle/pedestrian facilities, intersection geometric design and construction.
Review traffic impact studies, construction improvement plan (electrical /traffic signal/ traffic signs & markings)
Supervise or direct as appropriate traffic signal, lighting and/or signs and markings maintenance crews.
Provide complex technical review of private development applications and construction documents related to civil improvements to ensure compliance with City standards and requirements as related to roadway design, traffic/transportation, systems, storm drains, dry utility design, storm water management, and coordination with water and sewer systems.
Review subdivision maps, parcel maps and public easements to ensure compliance with City standards and the Subdivision Map Act and present potential draft conditions of approval.
Review and processes permit applications, agreements, and project related fees.
Coordinate with other departments, developers, design engineers, contractors, and construction inspectors during project design and construction.
Review, meet, and condition proposed development projects; Coordinates with other City departments as necessary on the review and conditioning of development projects.
Participate in and conduct traffic studies for development projects; including the evaluation of sight distance, signage and striping.
Review and analyze development and building permits for conformance with City design standards, flood prevention ordinance, and impact to floodplains.
Recommend traffic control, geometrics, signing and illumination; provide advisory assistance and technical guidance on traffic-related matters to interested parties.
Confer with developers, engineers, architects, and contractors and other City staff in acquiring information and coordinating engineering matters; provides information regarding City project requirements and City policies, procedures, codes, and ordinances.
Provide engineering analyses, program development, and implementation for water, sewer, and solid waste planning documents.
Assist in the preparation of division rate studies and rate increases.
Develop and manage capital improvement projects for the water, sewer, and solid waste divisions.
Coordinate with operations staff for the delivery of capital projects and planning documents.
Assist in the reporting for state and federal agencies for water, sewer, and solid waste.
Assist in the planning and delivery of Waste and Recycling and Fleet programs and capital projects.
Plan, assign, direct, and supervise work associated with design and construction of roads, building, utilities, and various public works construction projects.
Provides lead direction and reviews the work of a professional and technical project team or unit performing engineering duties in the areas of design, construction, utility design and maintenance implementation.
Develop plan, estimate, and deliver for the construction of public works projects.
Preparation of staff reports, supporting technical analysis, and other public facing documents.
Oversee review of developer pre-designs, designs, and construction activities for the department.
Inspect project sites to assist in determining solutions to difficult problems.
Interpret specifications and city policy, apply relevant codes, ordinances, rules, and regulations.
Conduct special technical studies and investigations.
Review and make recommendations on technical reports and studies.
Review computations and specified materials for accuracy and conformance with regulations.
Participate in the review of plans, specifications, and all private development proposals including residential, commercial, and mapping projects, either recommending for or against approval with defensible justification.
Review and participate in the preparation of environmental assessments and clearance as well as implementation of mitigation measures.
Assist the Director, City Engineer, Manager, and/or serve as subject matter expert at council, committee, and commission meetings on engineering matters when needed.
Meet and confer with developers, contractors, engineers, and the general public regarding city policies, regulations, and procedures.
Coordinate resolution of discrepancies and challenging situations related to engineering topics and projects.
Prepare reports and special studies related to submitted plans and documents; prepare correspondence regarding structural engineering and building code enforcement problems.
Prepare and review project quantity and cost estimates; analyze structures, roadways, and other project sites for engineering, economic, legal, and other considerations.
Perform complex project engineering work for a group of smaller projects or for major construction projects; inspects and monitors contract work for compliance with plans, specifications, codes, and deadlines.
Participate in the review of plans, specifications, and all private development proposals including subdivision and parcel maps, either recommending for or against approval.
Exhibit a high level of organization and workflow, including preparing and maintaining a variety of records and reports related to unit activities in support of the City and department.
Monitor and evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery methods and procedures; recommend, within departmental policy, appropriate services and staffing levels.
Estimate staff time, equipment, and materials needed for planned projects; order necessary supplies and equipment as needed.
Plan and oversee construction of City facilities and construction inspection activities; ensure activities follow applicable codes, plans, and City standards.
Oversee and ensure conformance with appropriate federal, state, and local laws, codes, and regulations.
Assist in the preparation of the capital improvement plan and budget.
When delegated by the director, review and sign engineering plans for CIP and development projects.
Provide support in the context of Community Facilities Districts, financing plans, and implementation as it relates to public improvements within the district.
Coordinate activities with other agencies, city departments, divisions, sections, and outside agencies.
Assist in the budget preparation and administration for the department including projects and programs, monitoring monthly expenditures, progress payments, and invoicing as needed.
Participates in the forecast of funds needed for staffing, equipment, materials, and supplies as needed.
Attend and participate in professional group meetings; maintain awareness of new trends and developments in the field of engineering.
Supervise, train, and evaluate personnel and assigned staff in areas of responsibility and provide for their professional development and growth with the ability to engage in professional and technical coaching and skilled engagement in conflict management.
Provide complex technical support for all phases of capital improvement and public works construction projects including planning, feasibility evaluation, coordination of environmental review, design, construction, and close-out.
Assist with project management activities, including preparing or reviewing preliminary and final designs and specifications, developing requests for proposals and scopes of work, cost estimates, change orders, work plans, budgets, schedules, and baseline requirements, and contract negotiations and management.
Review construction plans prepared by consulting engineers and private contractors to verify compliance with City, State, Federal, and/or industry standards and requirements for construction infrastructure; check plans for conformance with regulations regarding line, grade, size, elevation, and location of structures; review engineering calculations of other engineers or engineering technicians; approve and signs off on drawings and project documents and may act as “Engineer in Responsible Charge” on assigned projects.
Lead and participate in pre-design, construction, and utility coordination meetings.
Research funding opportunities; coordinate and/or complete and submit grant applications; track grant funded projects and requirements; process and maintain paperwork and reimbursement requests in compliance with funding requirements.
Initiate, conduct, and review engineering studies and cost analyses for assigned projects; research project design requirements; prepare complex engineering calculations and estimates, preliminary layouts and specifications, and design work from field and survey data.
Review development proposals and recommend draft conditions of approval on behalf of the Public Works Director to support infrastructure maintenance, stormwater system operations and permit compliance, and traffic operational improvements.
Prepare contract documents including but not limited to plans, specifications, and engineer’s estimate.
Prepare and manage project budgets including appropriations for funding and recommended sources.
Administer maintenance projects for traffic striping, signals, and signage, roadway and pavement improvements, storm drain improvements, and coordination with adjacent utilities and upcoming projects.
Administer studies related to infrastructure, utility design, and pavement condition assessments, make recommendations for improvements include scope development of future capital improvement projects.
Serve as staff representative to committee and/or commissions.
Prepare/present funding requests to State and regional planning agencies (e.g. STA, SACOG, JPAs, and City Council).
Negotiate with other jurisdictions on funding availability and timelines.
Manage consultants and administer professional services contracts.
Review and approve consultant and select purchasing invoices.
Prepare conditions of approval for land development projects including subdivisions, commercial, and industrial projects as well as recommendations for various map types and conditional use permits.
Conduct plan checks of final parcel maps for land development against the conditions of approval and provide recommendations to the City Engineer or Development Engineering Manager.
Administer public financing for land development projects.
Prepare reports for discretionary approval of land development projects.
Engineering support to Code Enforcement as needed.
Represent the City and department in meetings with property owners, engineers, contractors, developers, attorneys, and representatives of other organizations.
Act as “engineer in responsible charge” on assigned projects of a less complex nature, may approve and sign off on drawings and project documents when delegated by direct supervisor or department head.
Negotiate and administer contracts with outside contractors; resolve problems and complaints as necessary and manage consultants.
Provide responsible and reliable staff assistance to the City Engineer; conduct a variety of organizational studies, investigations, and operational studies; recommend modifications to public works engineering programs, policies, and procedures as appropriate.
Review and analyze submitted building plans, specifications, and engineering calculations to ensure compliance with structural design, fire prevention requirements, zoning, grading, soil reports, energy, and handicapped access and general conformity to governing building codes, state regulations, and local city ordinances.
Research codes, regulations, technical manuals, testing agency approval listings, product literature, and construction bulletins to verify compliance construction materials and methods.
Provide technical information and instruct architects, engineers, contractors, and owners regarding building requirements, application of codes, design requirements, regulations, and procedures.
Recommend changes to obtain compliance with building, plumbing, mechanical, electrical, accessibility, energy codes, and regulations.
Perform field inspections, which includes assisting and conferring with Building Inspectors, Contractors, and Consulting Engineers in the field where engineering problems are encountered and advising on engineering matters.
Assist with set up, implementation, and ongoing improvement of permitting processes, plan check, and inspection systems to maximize efficiencies and improve customer service.
Assist the Building and Planning Divisions with the planning, coordination, administration, and supervision of division services and personnel.
Interpret, implement, and enforce all building code regulations adopted by the City.
Develop methods to inform builders and homeowners of minimum standards of construction materials and assist in regularly updating City standards and specifications.
Prepare/present program, funding or project requests to State, Federal, and/or regional agencies.
Prepare various reports including, but not limited to construction, water quality, sanitary sewer spills, and conservation for regulating agencies.
Provide engineering reviews and construction inspection for water and wastewater projects.
Provide engineering analyses, program development, and implementation for various resource management plans.
Assist in the preparation of funding plans, rate studies, and project budgets.
Represent the City on the Utility Commission.
Manage consultants and administer professional services contracts.
Assist in the planning and delivery of Waste and Recycling and Fleet programs and capital projects.